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The Pike-Pawnee Village Site, or Hill Farm Site, designated 25WT1 by archaeologists, is a site near the village of Guide Rock in Webster County, in the south central portion of the state of Nebraska, in the Great Plains region of the United States. It was the location of a village of the Kitkehahki band of the Pawnee people, in a region of the Republican River valley that they occupied intermittently from the 1770s to the 1820s. In 1806, the village was visited by a Spanish expedition led by Lieutenant Facundo Melgares and, soon after, by an American expedition led by Lieutenant Zebulon Pike. At the village, Pike persuaded the Pawnee leaders to haul down a Spanish flag that they had received from Melgares, and to raise the flag of the United States in its stead. The location of the village visited by Pike was not known for many years. In the early 20th century, two sites were proposed: this one in Nebraska, and one in Republic County in northern Kansas. A dispute between the historical societies of the two states ensued, titled "The War Between Nebraska and Kansas". The dispute was eventually resolved in favor of the Nebraska site. Investigations conducted at the site by William Duncan Strong, Waldo Wedel, and A. T. Hill were instrumental in the development of Great Plains archaeology, and of Pawnee archaeology in particular. The site is a National Historic Landmark, and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. ==Description== The site lies on a terrace on the Republican River's south side, near the village of Guide Rock.〔 At the terrace's north edge is a near-vertical bank; the floodplain of the river extends about one-fourth mile (about one-half kilometer) from the bank's base to the present channel.〔 The remains of over 100 earth lodges lie on the terrace between the bank and hills to the south, which rise above the site.〔 On the hills are five cemeteries. The village complex also includes a council site and two open courts where a hoop game was played.〔 The village extended for at least from east to west.〔 On its east and west sides were creeks, now dry, that ran northward into the Republican.〔 At the time of the village's occupation, springs in the western creek flowed year-round; these would have provided a more convenient source of water than the river, since access to the latter was hampered by the steep bank.〔 The springs ceased to flow at some time after the land came under cultivation in the 1870s.〔 Not far downstream from the site is a hill known to the Pawnees as Pa-hur, or "hill that points the way".〔 In the traditional Pawnee religion, this was one of five lodges of the ''nahurac'', spirit animals with supernatural healing powers.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pike-Pawnee Village Site」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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